Characteristics of wood material

In coniferous species, latewood is darker in colour and has a greater density. Wood chemical composition hemicellulose a celluloselike material in the wood cell wall that is easily decomposed by dilute acid to yield simple sugars extractives organic material deposited during heartwood formation gums, resins, oils, alkaloids. Wood is a fibrous and porous structural tissue of wood trees and other wood plans. The wood database lists superior hardness and good rot resistance as the characteristics that make larch a valuable wood. Wood materials used in cabinets and furniture are products of nature and include numerous color hues, grain patterns and other natural characteristics. A new building material known as woodplastic composites s has wpc emerged. In the united states, western larch is the most commercially important member of the larix genus. This is not, however, necessarily true of engineered wood products or composite wood products. Softwoods typically come from evergeen coniferous trees those that have needles and cones and retain them yearround, also called gymnosperms.

Medium density fiberboard, commonly abbreviated as mdf, is a manmade wooden material used for a variety of building purposes in and outside the home, such as flooring and furniture. Wood main physical properties archiline wooden houses. Describe how the properties of construction materials and products affect their. Im working my way alphabetically by botanical name, so check out the latest added wood to see where im at in the queue. The effects of manufacturing and service environ ments on mechanical properties are discussed, and their effects on clear wood and material containing growth. Round timbers and ties pdf 396 kb standards and specifications. The wood database reports that larch is an important timber source and its wood is primarily used for construction lumber, plywood and particle board, paper, flooring and gluelaminate beams. Characteristics of wood wood is a i41 fibrous tissue found in many plants.

Material quality of the paulownia wood is very special and perfect for wide range of applications. Jul 17, 2017 mahogany is a much soughtafter wood, based on its hardness, resilience and beauty. Black walnut the wood database lumber identification. Wood types, characteristics and identification guide wood. The functional properties of glulam structures are such that wood, as a traditional material, allows for new construction challenges and imposes itself as one of the construction materials of the future. Painted products which are applicable to the face framesaccessories of thermofoil door styles and orders in paint finishes, have certain inherent characteristics that must be expected. Most trees are characterized by a typical color and odor. Wood handbook wood as an engineering material information on engineering with wood, properties of wood and designing with wood. These supplementary macroscopic characteristics are helpful in describing a piece of wood for identification or other purposes. Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between. Identify hardwoods and softwoods according to wood characteristics. This organic material made from natural cellulose fibers is found in their roots and stems, growing upward all the way to the tops of their canopy. What are the properties of characteristics of wood answers. Characteristics include random sized tight knots and rays.

Trees attacked by this species have a tumorlike growth. Furniture materials and characteristics material characteristics woods. Im slowly grinding my way through roughly 800 wood species that have still yet to be listed on the site. Characteristics and availability of commercially important woods. The characteristics of the materials are those that make the materials have different reactions to heat, electricity, light, force if you know these characteristics you can choose their aplications. Wood an introduction to its structure, properties, and uses. Fire performance characteristics of wood flameretardant treatments chapter 18. Although it is not necessary to have an indepth knowl edge of wood anatomy and properties, it is necessary for the engineer to have a general understanding of the properties and characteristics that. Larch wood is one of the hardest types of softwoods and is harder than several species of hardwoods. Rubberwood is commonly advertised as an environmentally friendly wood, as it makes use of plantation trees that have already served a. Wood is a heterogeneous, hygroscopic, cellular and anisotropic material. Constructions and structures from wpc are convenient in installation, have excellent performance characteristics and have an aesthetically noble appearance inherent in products made from natural wood. Because of the orientation of the wood fibers, and the manner in which a tree increases in diameter as it grows, properties vary along three mutually perpendicular axes.

Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. Compared with other species of wood, paulownia wood takes. Small hairline cracks may appear where wood joints occur in doordrawer fronts. Orthotropic nature of wood wood may be described as an orthotropic material. It would be hard to overstate black walnuts popularity among woodworkers in the united states. Bamboo is a nonwood lignocellulosic material that has received increased attention as an alternative material for woodbased construction and composites. It is relatively light in weight, yet has good strength in both tension and compression. Acoustical properties of particleboards made from betung. Lighter painted finishes should be expected to show a slight color change over time. Wood as a building material timber lumber understand. Wpcs are a combination of a thermoplastic matrix and a wood component, the former is usually polyethylene recycled or polypropylene, and the latter a wood processing residual, e. Let me know if youve got something interesting that youd like to donate to the site. Mdf is easily recognizable in your local home improvement store as it comes in packs.

Examples include ash, beech, birch, mahogany, maple, oak, teak, and walnut. Each wood species, within its division, are differentiated by their own distinct properties and characteristics. The mahogany tree can reach more than 150 feet in height and 6 feet in diameter. Water occurs in living wood in three locations, namely.

As a natural building material, wood emits significantly lower volatile organic compounds vocs and carbon dioxide offgasses than aluminum, steel, concrete and plastics. While the desire to not rely on the worlds forests for building demands is wellintentioned, the advantages of wood as a building material still outweigh other products on the market when looking at the environmental impact and performance. As a manufacturer of wood components, woodcraft industries believes there is a crucial need to educate our company, customers, and consumers in regard to naturally occurring wood characteristics. Theircell walls are composed of microfibrils of cellulose 40%. Every material, such as glass, steel, rubber or cotton, will either have characteristics that either allows it to transfer heat or to restrict heat. It has been used for centuries ice noth fuel and as a construction material. An updated version of this publication, released in 2010, is available at wood handbook, 2010 pdf, 15 mb. Mdf is made from wood fibers that are glued together with heat and pressure. Trees grow by adding a new layer of wood cells below the bark each growing. Characteristics oak is hard, stiff, strong, and shock resistant. Mahogany is a much soughtafter wood, based on its hardness, resilience and beauty. Chapter 6 discusses how these research results have been implemented in engineering standards. Wood is a traditional building material, as popular today as ever.

Examples include cedar, cypress, fir, pine, spruce, and redwood. Wood has always been and continues to be a material of great importance to mankind. Learn about the natural characteristics of wood, including growth rings, burl grain, birds eye, knots, bird peck and more. A finegrained hardwood similar to cherry, birch, and maple. Dec 11, 2019 we say wood is anisotropic, which means a lump of wood has different properties in different directions. It is easily shaped with tools and fastened with adhesives, nails, screws, bolts, and dowels. Sep 09, 2018 medium density fiberboard, commonly abbreviated as mdf, is a manmade wooden material used for a variety of building purposes in and outside the home, such as flooring and furniture. Theres a reason why people love cabinets made from cherry. Us forest service has a detailed article on incensecedar. Each wood has natural color variations and grain patterns that create a unique look. Characteristics of the materials linkedin slideshare. Such an understanding can be gained by a study of the structure, chemical composition, and properties of wood. Sensory characteristics include colour, lustre, odour, taste, texture, grain, figure, weight, and hardness of wood. A new building material known as wood plastic composites s has wpc emerged.

They are identified more specifically by characteristics such as. Wood types, characteristics and identification guide. Pressure and heat are then used to create a smooth surface with a consistent core. Guide for wood types, characteristics and lumber identification wood is a fibrous and porous structural tissue of wood trees and other wood plans. Additional information on wood properties and characteristics is given in references listed at the end of this chapter. W md is produced as secondary xylem in the stems of trees. Solid, plywood, veneer, hardboard, particle board, composite wood, etc. Characteristics and availability of commercially important.

Such wide application is made possible by the versatility of wood and its many desirable qualities, such as high strength for its weight, workability, and aesthetic appeal. Wood products are best suited in a relative humidity level of 45%. It is composed of 2 natural composite of cellulose fibers which are strong in tensio. It is commonly regarded as the worlds leading wood for finequality furniture, cabinetry, sculpture, carving, interior trim and other applications. Solid wood that is, wood cut into boards from the trunk of the tree makes up most of the wood in a piece of furniture. Its above average in all machining properties except shaping. Wood is a very light material, its specific gravity being always less than 1. Painted mdf is durable and more resistant to warping, expansion and contraction than solid hardwoods. Each has characteristics that those finish options will accentuate or disguise. It is the basic material in manufacturing glued laminated timber. Wood is an orthotropic material with unique and independent properties in different directions. Chemical characteristics of teak wood attacked by neotermes tectonae ganis lukmandaru. The appearance of woodpolymer composites allowed to connect the most significant advantages of wood and plastic in one material.

That means it is porous and accepts and gives off moisture depending on the environment of its installation. Mdf medium density fiberboard is an engineered wood product made by breaking down hardwood and softwood into wood fibers and combining with resin. It is made of layers of wood glued together with the wood grain at right angles. Damaged wood is easily repaired, and wood structures are easily remodeled or altered. Plywood is strong and resists splitting and warping. The major difference between steel and wood is that steel is in organic due to its lack of carbon, and wood is organic comprised of organic material. Choosing a type of wood goes handinhand with choosing a stain or translucent finish. Colour covers a wide rangeyellow, green, red, brown, black, and nearly pure white woods exist, but most woods are. As a result, wood possesses material properties that may be significantly different from other materials normally encountered in structural design. This organic material made from natural cellulose fibers is found in their roots. Many varieties of wood are available, and each has its own properties. Natural characteristics wood characteristics qualitycabinets.

Top 6 properties of wood and timber used in construction. Mechanical properties of wood forest products laboratory. Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood. To cap it off, the wood also has good dimensional stability, shock resistance, and strength. A soft, light wood with even texture and straight grain that accepts stain well. Because wood is anisotropic, natural wooden beams work better as vertical posts where they are in compression than horizontal beams where they are in tension. The teak trees in certain areas of java island are frequently attacked by neotermes tectonae termites. Physically, wood is strong and stiff but, compared to a material like steel, its also light and flexible. Rubberwood is commonly advertised as an environmentally friendly wood, as it makes use of plantation trees that have already served a useful function. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber. The appearance of wood polymer composites allowed to connect the most significant advantages of wood and plastic in one material. The type of wood you choose determines the beauty and strength of the finished piece.

Its cooperative working characteristics, coupled with its rich brown coloration puts the wood in a class by itself among temperatezone hardwoods. Characteristics of paulownia timbers material quality. It is an organic material a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. It is an organic material a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are. Wood can contain pockets of fungus decayed wood referred to as peck. In the wood of broadleaved species, the presence of pores is a characteristic macroscopic feature of growth rings. The two kinds of wood may differ in density, colour, or other characteristics. Types of wood wood is incredibly versatile build material, and thousands of variations in its internal structure, species of the tree, and the processing can lead to the different characteristics of the finished products.

In many cases, acoustic characteristics are recognized as one aspect of the total design criteria in building construction. Wood has been used as a building material for thousands of years, being second only to stone in terms of its rich and storied history in the world of construction. While many woodworkers are focused on things like tension, weight, durability, and ease of use, others are much more interested to extract from the wood things like its warmth. New mexico environmental resources lesson plan library unit b. As is indicated in the preceding sections of this article, the total number of products made from wood is enormousas high as 10,000, by some estimates. Also, some grain patterns of wood may be apparent through painted finishes.